All compounds that include beryllium have a covalent bond. If beryllium did form compounds with an ionization state of +2, it would polarize electron clouds that are near it very strongly and would cause extensive orbital overlap, since beryllium has a high charge density. īeryllium is an exception: It does not react with water or steam, and its halides are covalent. The second ionization energy of all of the alkaline metals is also somewhat low. The alkaline earth metals have the second-lowest first ionization energies in their respective periods of the periodic table because of their somewhat low effective nuclear charges and the ability to attain a full outer shell configuration by losing just two electrons. The heavier alkaline earth metals react more vigorously than the lighter ones. All the alkaline earth metals except beryllium also react with water to form strongly alkaline hydroxides and, thus, should be handled with great care. In chemical terms, all of the alkaline earth metals react with the halogens to form the alkaline earth metal halides, all of which are ionic crystalline compounds (except for beryllium chloride, which is covalent). The alkaline earth metals are all silver-colored and soft, and have relatively low densities, melting points, and boiling points. The chemistry of radium is not well-established due to its radioactivity thus, the presentation of its properties here is limited. Most of the chemistry has been observed only for the first five members of the group. 7 Identification of alkaline earth cationsĬharacteristics Chemical Īs with other groups, the members of this family show patterns in their electronic configuration, especially the outermost shells, resulting in trends in chemical behavior:.6 Representative reactions of alkaline earth metals.
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